Kaluga Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904. Kaluga Oblast lies in the central part of the East European Plain. The oblast's territory is located between the Central Russian Upland, the Smolensk–Moscow Upland, and the Dnieper–Desna watershed. Mos…Kaluga Oblast is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Kaluga. The 2021 Russian Census found a population of 1,069,904. Kaluga Oblast lies in the central part of the East European Plain. The oblast's territory is located between the Central Russian Upland, the Smolensk–Moscow Upland, and the Dnieper–Desna watershed. Most of the oblast is occupied by plains, fields, and forests with diverse flora and fauna. The administrative center is located on the Baryatino-Sukhinichy plain. The western part of the oblast — located within the drift plain — is dominated by the Spas-Demensk ridge. To the south is an outwash plain that is part of the Bryansk-Zhizdra woodlands, with average elevation up to 200 m.